نوع مقاله : یادداشت فنی
نویسندگان
1 دانشکدهی فنی و مهندسی، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه بوعلیسینا
2 دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Cement production is of particular importance in the construction industry.
However, cement production is dependent on water consumption. Iran is located
in a dry region; thus, investigating water consumption of Iranian cement
production and providing solutions for water crisis of such production is of
high interest among cement industry practitioners. Few studies have considered
virtual water consumption and water footprint of cement production in Iran and
all of the world. This paper addresses this knowledge gap. It proposes a
comprehensive model for evaluating water footprint of cement production based
on the type of energy consumption, transportation, and human's effect using a
system boundary analysis. The relationship between water footprint and energy
consumption is highlighted, and solutions to the water consumption problem of
cement production are provided. To demonstrate the application of the proposed
method, a cement manufacturer located on the western Iran as a case study is
analyzed. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to show the effects of considered
parameters on the proposed water footprint model. The paper shows that the
total water footprint among the selected cement manufacturer accounts for
$3614\times10^{3}m^{3}$ in 2017, highlighting a high contribution to cement production in water consumption and risk of maintaining the cement industry in dry regions. The paper also shows that, for the selected cement manufacturer, virtual water footprint is estimated to be 11 times more that direct water consumption, which contributes to 90 percent of the total water footprint. In addition, the paper demonstrates that water consumption intensity in the selected case study is estimated to be 2.126$m^3$ per each ton of cement produced, while direct water consumption of each ton of cement is estimated to be 0.2$m^3$.
The paper's findings cast a new insight into water consumption of cement
production wider than currently available. This paper contributes to producing
environmentally-friendly cement in Iran and all of the world.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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