تأثیر شدت‌بخشی با EDTA و اسید در رفع آلاینده‌ی فلزسنگین از کائولینیت در روش شستشوی چندمرحله‌ای

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشکد‌ی فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان

10.24200/j30.2024.64845.3346

چکیده

پژوهشگران به افزایش راندمان جداسازی (واجذبی) آلاینده­های فلز سنگین از خاک با استفاده از مواد شدت‌بخشی توجه خاصی پیدا کرده‌اند. مواد شدت‌بخشی، راندمان رفع آلودگی از خاک را افزایش می‌دهند. با وجود این، به موضوع تأثیر پتانسیل سطحی، گروه­های عاملی فعال، فاز‌های نگهداشت خاک برای کاهش غلظت موردنیاز مواد شدت‌بخشی توجه محدودی شده ‌است. هدف نوشتار حاضر، تعیین تأثیر فرایند شستشوی چندمرحله‌ای در غلظت لازم مواد شدت‌بخشی در رفع آلاینده‌ی سرب از کائولینیت است. در پژوهش حاضر از کائولینیت آلوده‌شده به سرب و از مواد شدت‌بخشی اسیدهیدروکلریک، اسیداستیک، و EDTA  استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان داده‌اند که با شستشوی چندمرحله‌ای، می­توان ضمن استفاده از غلظت­های کمتر مواد شدت­بخشی، به درصد واجذبی مشابه با غلظت­های معمول رسید. همچنین ماده‌ی شدت­بخشی  EDTA  قادر به واجذب آلاینده با نرخ بسیار بزرگ‌تری نسبت به اسیداستیک و اسیدهیدروکلریک در کائولینیت حاوی 0، 2، و 9 درصد کربنات است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Impact of EDTA and Acid Enhancement Agents on the Removal of Heavy Metal Contaminants from Kaolinite Using a Multi-Stage Washing Method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahid Reza Ouhadi
  • Mohammad Amin Farahpour
  • Sajad Gohari
  • Zeinab Mirzazadeh
Faculty of Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Increasing the efficiency of desorption of heavy metal contaminants from soil using enhancement agents is a focus of researchers. Enhancement agents increase the efficiency of decontaminating soil. However, limited attention has been given to the impact of surface potential, active functional groups, and soil retention phases on reducing the concentration of enhancement agents needed. This paper aims to determine the effect of a multi-stage washing process on the required concentration of enhancement agents for the removal of lead contaminants from kaolinite. In this study, lead-contaminated kaolinite and enhancement agents such as hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, and EDTA were used. The results show that with multi-stage washing, it is possible to achieve similar desorption percentages with lower concentrations of enhancement agents compared to conventional concentrations. Additionally, the enhancement agent EDTA is capable of desorbing contaminants at a much higher rate than acetic acid and hydrochloric acid in kaolinite containing 0%, 2%, and 9% carbonate. The use of the enhancement agent EDTA reduces the zeta potential of kaolinite. This behavior indicates the maintenance of the dispersed state of kaolinite even in acidic environments. Such a behavioral pattern in the chemical washing method preserves the dispersed structure and increases the contact surface of clay flakes with the enhancement agent. By increasing the interactive surface of clay with the electrolyte, more favorable conditions for enhancing the desorption rate are provided. According to the results of this study, the use of the enhancement agent EDTA causes a significant amount of lead ions retained in the carbonate phase to transfer to the exchangeable phase, facilitating their removal from the soil. Based on the results of multi-stage washing, EDTA has shown very high efficiency in removing contaminants from kaolinite in all samples with varying carbonate percentages, even at low EDTA concentrations. This suitability aligns well with the results of FTIR tests, zeta potential measurements, and the role of EDTA in the contaminant-retaining phases.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Heavy metal contaminant
  • enhancement agents
  • kaolinite
  • contaminant removal
  • multi-stage washing

مراجع

1. Huang, J., Xiao, X. and Chen, B., 2024. Insight into the electrochemical process of EDTA-assisted soil washing effluent under alternating current. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 470, p.134115.       https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134115
2.  Ouhadi, V.R., Fakhimjoo, M.S., and Omid Naeini, S.T., 2017. The comparison of plastic and permeability behavior of bentonite in the presence of organic and heavy metal contaminants. Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 46(85), pp.25-36.
3. Wu, W., Chen, L., Zhang, W. and Mei, D., 2024. Comparison of heavy metal contaminants removal using EDTA and Cyanex 302 as chelating agents for supercritical CO2-based soil remediation. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 206, pp.130-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2024.04.046.
 4   Wang, Y., Rui, D., Nie, W., Kim, M., Hu, D., Zhang, J. and Liu, J., 2023. Remediation of Pb-and, Cd-contaminated soil through magnetic-modified eluent synergetic freeze-thaw and washing. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 216, p.104000.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2023.104000
  5. Xu, L., Dai, H., Wei, S., Skuza, L. and Shi, J., 2024. High-efficiency combination washing agents with eco-friendliness simultaneously removing Cd, Cu and Ni from soil of e-waste recycling site: A lab-scale experiment. Chemosphere, 357, p.142047.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142047
6.  Ni, S., Rahman, S., Kasai, S., Yoshioka, S., Wong, K.H., Mashio, A.S. and Hasegawa, H., 2023. Remediation of lead-contaminated shooting range soil: biodegradable chelator-assisted washing and subsequent post-treatment using FeCl3 and CaO. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 31, p.103172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103172.
7.   Ouhadi V.R., Hamidi, S., and Amiri., M., 2016. Impact of heavy metal contaminants on coefficient of variations of compression index, expansion index and permeability coefficient of bentonite from micro-structural point of view, Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering 45 (81), pp.7-17.
8. Wen, D., Fu, R. and Li, Q., 2021. Removal of inorganic contaminants in soil by electrokinetic remediation technologies: a review. Journal of hazardous materials, 401, p.123345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123345
9.   Cui, H., Wang, Y., Lin, Z., Lv, H. and Cui, C., 2024. Unique role of sulfonic acid exchange resin on preventing copper and zinc precipitation and enhancing metal removal in electrokinetic remediation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 485, p.149994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.149994
10. Wen, R., Yang, X., He, S., Wu, J., Ge, H., Chi, Z., Shi, Y., Wang, S., Gerson, A.R. and Pi, K., 2023. Enhanced washing of cadmium and lead from polluted river sediment using horizontal electroosmosis. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 11(1), p.109157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.109157
11.  Zheng, X., Li, Q., Wang, Z. and Chen, M., 2024. Remediation of heavy metals contaminated soil by enhanced electrokinetic technology: A review. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, p.105773.      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.105773
12  . Ouhadi V.R., and Amiri, M., 2014. Interaction of nano-clays and Cu contaminant in geo-environmental projects, Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 16 (160), pp.75-87.
13. Lee, S., Lee, J. and Ault, J.T., 2023. The role of variable zeta potential on diffusiophoretic and diffusioosmotic transport. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 659, p.130775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130775
14.  Ouhadi, V.R., Bayesteh, H., and Pasdarpour M., 2012. Analysis of dispersivity behavior of clay minerals by fuzzy computational system and experimental methods. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 33(3), pp. 420-428.
15. Yong, R.N., Ouhadi, V.R., Mohamed, A.M.O., 1996, Physicochemical evaluation of failure of stabilized marl soil, Proceedings of the 49th Canadian geotechnical conference frontiers in geotechnology, 2, pp. 769-776.
16. Ouhadi, V., Amiri, M and Zangane, M, 2016. Microstructural assessment of lime consumption rate and pozzolanic reaction progress of a lime-stabilized dispersive soil. Modares Civil Engineering journal, 16(1), pp.11-22.
17. Wang, Q., Li, Y., Liu, Y., Ren, J., Zhang, Y., Qu, G. and Wang, T., 2021. Effective removal of the heavy metal-organic complex Cu-EDTA from water by catalytic persulfate oxidation: Performance and mechanisms. Journal of Cleaner Production, 314, p.128119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128119
18.  Yong, RN, Ouhadi, VR., 1997, Reaction factors impacting on instability of bases on natural and lime-stabilized marls, Special Lecture, Keynote Paper, International Conference on Foundation Failures, Singapore, 135, pp. 87-97
19. Yang, L., You, N. and Ding, B., 2023. Functionalized Cellulose with EDTA-like Chelating Groups for Removal of Heavy Metals. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3056356/v1
20. ASTM International, 2017. Annual book of ASTM standards. ASTM international.
21. Ouhadi, V., 2017. Development and validation of the modified barium chloride method for CEC measurement and determination of accurate exchangeable calcium cation concentration in carbonated clayey soils. Modares Civil Engineering Journal, 17(3), pp.21-34. mcej.modares.ac.ir/article-16-7427-en.html.
22. Ouhadi V.R., Goodarzi A.R., 2003. Pore Fluid Characteristics Effect on Dispersivity Behaviour of Bentonite from Macro and Micro Structure Aspects, 2nd International Symposium on Contaminated Sediments, Quebec City, Canada; pp. 200-206.
23. Ouhadi, V.R., and Yong, R.N., 2002. Study of transformation of clay minerals in the interaction process with additives by use of scanning electron microscope and XRD and its relation to mechanical behavior. Iran. J. Crystallogr. Mineral, 10(1), pp.87-97.
24. Geoenvironmental Engineering Manual of McGill University. 1997. Geoenvironmental Research Centre.
25. Kovács, A., Nemcsok, D.S. and Kocsis, T., 2010. Bonding interactions in EDTA complexes. Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM, 950(1-3), pp.93-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theochem.2010.03.036.
26.  Heil, D.M., Samani, Z., Hanson, A.T. and Rudd, B., 1999. Remediation of lead contaminated soil by EDTA. I. Batch and column studies. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 113, pp.77-95. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005032504487
27. Theodoratos, P., Papassiopi, N., Georgoudis, T. and Kontopoulos, A., 2000. Selective removal of lead from calcareous polluted soils using the Ca-EDTA salt. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 122, pp.351-368.       https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005295119231
28. Lo, I.M. and Yang, X.Y., 1999. EDTA extraction of heavy metals from different soil fractions and synthetic soils. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 109, pp.219-236. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005000520321
29. Finžgar, N. and Leštan, D., 2007. Multi-step leaching of Pb and Zn contaminated soils with EDTA. Chemosphere, 66(5), pp.824-832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.06.029
30. Kedziorek, M.A., Dupuy, A., Bourg, A.C. and Compère, F., 1998. Leaching of Cd and Pb from a polluted soil during the percolation of EDTA: laboratory column experiments modeled with a non-equilibrium solubilization step. Environmental Science and Technology, 32(11), pp.1609-1614. https://doi.org/10.1021/es970708m
 
 
 
 
 

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار